Monkeypox is a virus that is found throughout Central and West Africa. It is a milder kind of smallpox.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it was found in 1958 after epidemics in monkeys maintained for research.
On Friday, Francesco Vaia, director of a Rome hospital where three instances of monkeypox have been verified and isolated, holds a press conference. Credit: Andrew Medichini/Associated Press
The rare monkeypox virus, which is generally restricted to Central and West Africa, has spread in unexpected ways this year, and among groups that were previously immune.
Monkeypox is not handled with the same level of worry as the coronavirus for various reasons.
The monkeypox virus is closely related to the smallpox virus (seen here in a coloured transmission electron micrograph).
In the last week, at least 11 non-African countries have reported more than 120 confirmed or suspected cases of monkeypox, a rare viral disease rarely seen outside of Africa. The virus’s development in different groups around the world where it isn’t often seen has concerned scientists and led them scrambling for solutions.
What are the signs and symptoms?
The rash of monkeypox begins as flat red spots that become elevated and filled with pus. Fever and bodily aches are also symptoms of infection.
Symptoms usually develop six to thirteen days after exposure, but they might take up to three weeks. According to the World Health Organization, they can last two to four weeks, with severe instances happening more frequently in youngsters.
The Centers for Disease Suppress and Prevention claims there is “no established, safe therapy” for monkeypox, although the FDA has approved the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral medications to control outbreaks.
Is infectious level low or high?
Is it highly contagious?
It rarely causes big epidemics; in most years, there are only a few cases outside of Africa, if any. In the United States, the most severe outbreak occurred in 2003, when dozens of cases were related to contact with infected prairie dogs and other pets. According to the World Health Organization, it was the first time a monkeypox outbreak occurred outside of Africa.
Since 1970, when the first human case was discovered in a 9-year-old kid in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 11 African countries have reported cases. Since 2017, Nigeria has seen a major outbreak, with more than 500 suspected cases and 200 confirmed cases, according to the World Health Organization.
“Seeing this kind of dissemination is eye-opening,”
says Anne Rimoin, an epidemiologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who has spent more than a decade studying monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The virus is known as monkeypox because it was originally discovered in laboratory monkeys in 1958, but it is thought to spread from wild animals such as rats to humans — or from infected people. A few thousand cases occur throughout Africa on an annual basis, mostly in the western and central sections of the continent. However, outside of Africa, there have only been a few cases linked to travel to Africa or the importation of infected animals. The number of cases reported outside of Africa in the last week alone has already eclipsed the total number of cases detected outside of Africa since the virus was originally recognized as causing sickness in humans in 1970.
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